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Subgroup analysis

Help take control with ZINPLAVA: Reduce CDI recurrence in high-risk adult patients receiving CDI antibiotics

In the same clinical trials…

Efficacy in patients at high risk for CDI recurrence was consistent with the overall trial population

Sustained clinical response absolute risk difference in prespecified patients at high risk for CDI recurrence1

Sustained Clinical Response Absolute Risk Difference in Prespecified Patients at High Risk for CDI Recurrence
  • Overall, ~76% (1,175 of 1,554) of study participants had one or more risk factors for recurrent CDI.2
  • 51% of the overall study population were ≥65 years of age (n=795).
  • 28% had a history of CDI in the 6 months prior to treatment (≥1 episodes) (n=435).
  • 21% were immunocompromised (n=331).
  • 16% had severe CDI at day of infusion (n=247). Severe CDI was defined by a Zar score of ≥2.2
  • 22% had a hypervirulent strain, with 87% of those having C. difficile ribotype 027 (189 of 217 strains).2

CDI recurrence absolute risk difference in prespecified high-risk patients2

CDI Recurrence Absolute Risk Difference in Prespecified High-Risk Patients

The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent 1 episode of recurrent CDI among patients aged ≥ 65 was 5.5 for MODIFY I and 7.1 for MODIFY II.2

Study design

Efficacy and safety of ZINPLAVA were investigated in 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter Phase 3 trials in 1,554 adult patients. Enrolled patients had a confirmed diagnosis of CDI, defined as diarrhea (≥3 loose bowel movements in ≤24 hours) and a positive stool test for toxigenic C. difficile from a stool sample collected ≤7 days before study entry. Patients received a 10- to 14-day course of oral CDI antibiotics (metronidazole, vancomycin, or fidaxomicin). Patients were randomized to receive either a single 10-mg/kg (body weight) IV infusion of ZINPLAVA (n=781) or placebo IV (n=773) during the course of the CDI antibiotic therapy. Patients were assessed for clinical cure of the presenting CDI episode, defined as no diarrhea for 2 consecutive days following the completion of a ≤14-day CDI regimen. Patients who achieved clinical cure were then assessed for recurrence of CDI through 12 weeks following administration of the infusion of ZINPLAVA or placebo.

References

1. Data available on request from Merck & Co., Inc., Professional Services-DAP, WP1-27, PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486-0004. Please specify information package US-MKB-00701.

2. Wilcox MH, Gerding DN, Poxton IR, et al. Bezlotoxumab for prevention of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:305-317. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1602615 Accessed February 15, 2023. https://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMoa1602615/suppl_file/nejmoa1602615_appendix.pdf

Indication

ZINPLAVATM (bezlotoxumab) is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to Clostridioides difficile toxin B indicated to reduce recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in patients 18 years of age or older who are receiving antibacterial drug treatment for CDI and are at high risk for CDI recurrence.

 

ZINPLAVA is not indicated for the treatment of CDI. ZINPLAVA is not an antibacterial drug. ZINPLAVA should only be used in conjunction with antibacterial drug treatment of CDI.

Selected Safety Information

  • In patients with a history of congestive heart failure (CHF), ZINPLAVA should be used when the benefit outweighs the risk. Heart failure was reported more commonly in clinical trials in adults in ZINPLAVA-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. In patients with a history of CHF, 12.7% (n=15/118) of ZINPLAVA-treated patients and 4.8% (n=5/104) of placebo-treated patients had the serious adverse reaction of heart failure during the 12-week study period. During the same period, for patients with a history of CHF, there were more deaths in ZINPLAVA-treated patients 19.5% (n=23/118) than in placebo-treated patients 12.5% (n=13/104). The causes of death varied and included cardiac failure, infections, and respiratory failure.
  • The most common adverse reactions occurring in adults within 4 weeks of infusion with a frequency greater than placebo and reported in ≥4% of patients treated with ZINPLAVA and Standard of Care (SoC) antibacterial drug therapy vs placebo and SoC antibacterial drug therapy were nausea (7% vs 5%), pyrexia (5% vs 3%), and headache (4% vs 3%).
  • Serious adverse reactions occurring in adults within 12 weeks following infusion were reported in 29% of ZINPLAVA-treated patients and 33% of placebo-treated patients. Heart failure was reported as a serious adverse reaction in 2.3% of the ZINPLAVA-treated patients and 1.0% of placebo-treated patients.
  • In ZINPLAVA-treated adult patients, 10% experienced one or more infusion specific adverse reactions compared to 8% of placebo-treated patients, on the day of or the day after, the infusion. Infusion specific adverse reactions reported in ≥0.5% of patients receiving ZINPLAVA and at a frequency greater than placebo were nausea (3%), fatigue (1%), pyrexia (1%), dizziness (1%), headache (2%), dyspnea (1%), and hypertension (1%). Of these patients, 78% experienced mild adverse reactions, and 20% experienced moderate adverse reactions. These reactions resolved within 24 hours following onset.

 

Before prescribing ZINPLAVATM (bezlotoxumab), please read the Prescribing information. The Patient information also is available.

Indication

ZINPLAVATM (bezlotoxumab) is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to Clostridioides difficile toxin B indicated to reduce recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in patients 18 years of age or older who are receiving antibacterial drug treatment for CDI and are at high risk for CDI recurrence.

 

ZINPLAVA is not indicated for the treatment of CDI. ZINPLAVA is not an antibacterial drug. ZINPLAVA should only be used in conjunction with antibacterial drug treatment of CDI.

ZINPLAVATM (bezlotoxumab) is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to Clostridioides difficile

ZINPLAVATM (bezlotoxumab) is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to Clostridioides difficile toxin B indicated to reduce recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in patients 18 years of age or older who are receiving antibacterial drug treatment for CDI and are at high risk for CDI recurrence.

Selected Safety Information

  • In patients with a history of congestive heart failure (CHF), ZINPLAVA should be used when the benefit outweighs the risk. Heart failure was reported more commonly in clinical trials in adults in ZINPLAVA-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. In patients with a history of CHF, 12.7% (n=15/118) of ZINPLAVA-treated patients and 4.8% (n=5/104) of placebo-treated patients had the serious adverse reaction of heart failure during the 12-week study period. During the same period, for patients with a history of CHF, there were more deaths in ZINPLAVA-treated patients 19.5% (n=23/118) than in placebo-treated patients 12.5% (n=13/104). The causes of death varied and included cardiac failure, infections, and respiratory failure.
  • The most common adverse reactions occurring in adults within 4 weeks of infusion with a frequency greater than placebo and reported in ≥4% of patients treated with ZINPLAVA and Standard of Care (SoC) antibacterial drug therapy vs placebo and SoC antibacterial drug therapy were nausea (7% vs 5%), pyrexia (5% vs 3%), and headache (4% vs 3%).
  • Serious adverse reactions occurring in adults within 12 weeks following infusion were reported in 29% of ZINPLAVA-treated patients and 33% of placebo-treated patients. Heart failure was reported as a serious adverse reaction in 2.3% of the ZINPLAVA-treated patients and 1.0% of placebo-treated patients.
  • In ZINPLAVA-treated adult patients, 10% experienced one or more infusion specific adverse reactions compared to 8% of placebo-treated patients, on the day of or the day after, the infusion. Infusion specific adverse reactions reported in ≥0.5% of patients receiving ZINPLAVA and at a frequency greater than placebo were nausea (3%), fatigue (1%), pyrexia (1%), dizziness (1%), headache (2%), dyspnea (1%), and hypertension (1%). Of these patients, 78% experienced mild adverse reactions, and 20% experienced moderate adverse reactions. These reactions resolved within 24 hours following onset.

 

Before prescribing ZINPLAVATM (bezlotoxumab), please read the Prescribing information. The Patient information also is available.

In patients with a history of congestive heart failure (CHF), ZINPLAVA should

In patients with a history of congestive heart failure (CHF), ZINPLAVA should be used when the benefit outweighs the risk. Heart failure was reported more commonly in clinical trials in adults in ZINPLAVA-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. In patients with a history of CHF, 12.7% (n=15/118) of ZINPLAVA-treated patients